Conjugation of esan in Basque
esanto say / to tellirregular
Orainaldiapresent
Actions happening now or habitually.
| Person | Conjugation | |
|---|---|---|
| ni | esaten dut | |
| hi | esaten duk | |
| hura | esaten du | |
| gu | esaten dugu | |
| zu | esaten duzu | |
| zuek | esaten duzue | |
| haiek | esaten dute |
Common mistakes in the Orainaldia
- ni
esaten ni dutesaten dutBasque typically places the verb at the end and uses the auxiliary: correct order is 'ni esaten dut' or simply 'esaten dut' with subject optional. - hi
esaten duzuesaten dukLearners often substitute the 'zu' auxiliary ('duzu') for the familiar 'hi' auxiliary. In colloquial/familiar use 'hi' commonly appears with 'duk' in many dialects: 'esaten duk'.
Iraganaldiasimple past
Completed actions in the past.
| Person | Conjugation | |
|---|---|---|
| ni | esan nuen | |
| hi | esan huen | |
| hura | esan zuen | |
| gu | esan genuen | |
| zu | esan zenuen | |
| zuek | esan zenuten | |
| haiek | esan zuten |
Common mistakes in the Iraganaldia
- ni
esan dutesan nuenConfusion between perfect/present auxiliaries: the past for 'ni' is 'esan nuen' (not 'esan dut'). 'Eduk'-type auxiliaries belong to present constructions.
Gerokoafuture
Actions that will happen.
| Person | Conjugation | |
|---|---|---|
| ni | esango dut | |
| hi | esango duk | |
| hura | esango du | |
| gu | esango dugu | |
| zu | esango duzu | |
| zuek | esango duzue | |
| haiek | esango dute |
Baldintzaconditional
Actions that would happen under some condition.
| Person | Conjugation | |
|---|---|---|
| ni | esango nuke | |
| hi | esango huke | |
| hura | esango luke | |
| gu | esango genuke | |
| zu | esango zenuke | |
| zuek | esango zenukete | |
| haiek | esango lukete |
Subjuntiboasubjunctive
Wishes, doubts and hypothetical situations.
| Person | Conjugation | |
|---|---|---|
| ni | esan dezadan | |
| hi | esan dezan | |
| hura | esan dezan | |
| gu | esan dezagun | |
| zu | esan dezazun | |
| zuek | esan dezazuen | |
| haiek | esan dezaten |
Common mistakes in the Subjuntiboa
- gu
esan dezagunokesan dezagunNo extra ending is added; the correct 1pl hortative/subjunctive is 'esan dezagun' (let's say). Avoid inventing extra plural markers.
Aginteraimperative
Commands and requests.
| Person | Conjugation | |
|---|---|---|
| hi | esan | |
| hura | esan dezala | |
| gu | esan dezagun | |
| zu | esan ezazu | |
| zuek | esan ezazue | |
| haiek | esan dezatela |
Gerundioa
The -ing form used for ongoing action.
| Person | Conjugation | |
|---|---|---|
| ni | esanez | |
| hi | esanez | |
| hura | esanez | |
| gu | esanez | |
| zu | esanez | |
| zuek | esanez | |
| haiek | esanez |
Partizipioaparticiple
The adjectival form of the verb.
| Person | Conjugation | |
|---|---|---|
| ni | esandako | |
| hi | esandako | |
| hura | esandako | |
| gu | esandako | |
| zu | esandako | |
| zuek | esandako | |
| haiek | esandako |
esan — frequently asked questions
Is esan a regular verb?
No — esan is an irregular Basque verb, so some of its forms do not follow the standard endings.
What does esan mean?
esan is a Basque verb meaning "to say / to tell".