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Conjugation of esan in Basque

esanto say / to tellirregular

Orainaldiapresent

Actions happening now or habitually.

Orainaldia of esan
PersonConjugation
niesaten dut
hiesaten duk
huraesaten du
guesaten dugu
zuesaten duzu
zuekesaten duzue
haiekesaten dute

Common mistakes in the Orainaldia

  • niesaten ni dutesaten dutBasque typically places the verb at the end and uses the auxiliary: correct order is 'ni esaten dut' or simply 'esaten dut' with subject optional.
  • hiesaten duzuesaten dukLearners often substitute the 'zu' auxiliary ('duzu') for the familiar 'hi' auxiliary. In colloquial/familiar use 'hi' commonly appears with 'duk' in many dialects: 'esaten duk'.

Iraganaldiasimple past

Completed actions in the past.

Iraganaldia of esan
PersonConjugation
niesan nuen
hiesan huen
huraesan zuen
guesan genuen
zuesan zenuen
zuekesan zenuten
haiekesan zuten

Common mistakes in the Iraganaldia

  • niesan dutesan nuenConfusion between perfect/present auxiliaries: the past for 'ni' is 'esan nuen' (not 'esan dut'). 'Eduk'-type auxiliaries belong to present constructions.

Gerokoafuture

Actions that will happen.

Gerokoa of esan
PersonConjugation
niesango dut
hiesango duk
huraesango du
guesango dugu
zuesango duzu
zuekesango duzue
haiekesango dute
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Baldintzaconditional

Actions that would happen under some condition.

Baldintza of esan
PersonConjugation
niesango nuke
hiesango huke
huraesango luke
guesango genuke
zuesango zenuke
zuekesango zenukete
haiekesango lukete

Subjuntiboasubjunctive

Wishes, doubts and hypothetical situations.

Subjuntiboa of esan
PersonConjugation
niesan dezadan
hiesan dezan
huraesan dezan
guesan dezagun
zuesan dezazun
zuekesan dezazuen
haiekesan dezaten

Common mistakes in the Subjuntiboa

  • guesan dezagunokesan dezagunNo extra ending is added; the correct 1pl hortative/subjunctive is 'esan dezagun' (let's say). Avoid inventing extra plural markers.

Aginteraimperative

Commands and requests.

Agintera of esan
PersonConjugation
hiesan
huraesan dezala
guesan dezagun
zuesan ezazu
zuekesan ezazue
haiekesan dezatela
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Gerundioa

The -ing form used for ongoing action.

Gerundioa of esan
PersonConjugation
niesanez
hiesanez
huraesanez
guesanez
zuesanez
zuekesanez
haiekesanez

Partizipioaparticiple

The adjectival form of the verb.

Partizipioa of esan
PersonConjugation
niesandako
hiesandako
huraesandako
guesandako
zuesandako
zuekesandako
haiekesandako

esan — frequently asked questions

Is esan a regular verb?
No — esan is an irregular Basque verb, so some of its forms do not follow the standard endings.
What does esan mean?
esan is a Basque verb meaning "to say / to tell".